GAGANYAAN

GAGANYAAN

The Gaganyaan Mission is an ongoing mission in India to take a crew of 3 members with a duration of up to three days all the way from Earth, launch them into low earth orbit (LEO) about four hundred km and bring safely back on ground.

The Government of India approves As part of the program two unmanned missions and one manned mission.

The initial manned spaceflight is scheduled for 2024. The success of the Gaganyaan Mission will make India fourth in business after America, Russia and China.

GAGANYAAN MISSION OBJECTIVES

The Gaganyaan Mission is an innovative and integrated initiative of ISRO involving CSIR, DRDO, various research labs synergising with Indian academia and industry which aims to:

Human Space Flights: Its immediate goal is to demonstrate indigenous capability for human space flights.

In the long-term capability for Human Spaceflight.- In this endeavour, we open our minds to a collaborative role with ISRO in supporting them on their vision of sustained Indian human space exploration programme.

WHAT TECH IS NEEDED FOR ISRO'S GAGANYAAN MISSION

To minimize the risks before you; safety and precautionary protocol is a necessity to make sure crew will be safe in this program.

This includes new technologies ISRO will require for the Gaganyaan Mission such as - a Human rated launch vehicle, habitable orbital module, crew escape systems and life support system.

Human-Rated LVM3

Gaganyaan Mission Launching Vehicle is an improved form of ISRO's most-dependent rocket, LVM3 (prior to now referred as Geosynchronous Satellite tv for pc Release Car Mk III).

To make it able to carry humans up safely, the rocket itself is re-configured as a human rated launch vehicle that launches remotely piloted into orbit.

It is equipped with three stage propulsion system i.e., solid stage, liquid state and cryogenic stage.

It uses Crew Escape System (CES) and Orbital Module, with solid stage,liquid stage & cryogenic Stage.

ORBITAL MODULE (OM)

It will be orbiting Earth, and it will include the Crew Module (CM) + Service Module(SM). The Orbital Module is designed to also house most of the avionics systems, which are equipped with modern robustness and redundancy.

CREW MODULE (CM):

It is a portion of the spacecraft that is habitable and provides an earth-like environment for crew members on-board. It will consist of a habitable module for the humans,

as well as mission control systems and crew communications; navigation, guidance, and an avionics system.

Configuration of CM: It has an two walled rigid configuration with a pressurized metallic internal structure and unpressurised exterior surface having Thermal Protection System (TPS).

Inside is human centric products, life support systems, avionics crew interfaces and decelaration system.

This case also will be separately designed for re-entry to earth atmosphere during descent safeguarding the crew life till ground touch down.

SERVICE MODULE (SM):

However, the cislunar ESPRIT will be used in-orbit to provide additional support for Crew Module.

The pressure vessel provides the structure for operating a pressurized module in space and housing the propulsion system, thermal system, power systems, avionics systems as well as deployment mechanisms.

CREW ESCAPE SYSTEM

Several In-flight Abort Demonstrations related to Crew Escape System (CES) have been included for the safety of astronauts.

Flight test vehicle Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1)

this is the first test flight to verify and demonstrate various safety features of the system; isro aborts at failure and this one will accurately exhibit gaganyaan life-saving maneuvering capability.

it also validated systems separating the crew module from a rocket in an event of space emergency abort and escape mission alongside astronauts.

thus, it will enable gaganyaan crew to separate the spacecraft in case of an emergency.

LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM

Life Support System to create an earth like environment for crew into the space, emergency provision of crew escape and evolving trends in terms of managing a human on training so as his/her recovery and rehabilitation is concerned.

Training of Gaganyaan Mission Crew Members

Classroom training, Physical Fitness training and Simulator Flight suit (in Bengaluru)Flight suitPATNA: A two-time winner of the Chief Of Army Staff commendation card.

for bravery is all set to be trained as a space astronaut at India's first Astronaut Training Facilities in Bangalore.

When these includes Micro gravity familiarization through Parabolic Flights, Aero medical training, Recovery & Survival ,Crew Training Simulators etc.

PHASES OF GAGANYAAN MISSION

1. Development and Planning Phase:

Project Approval: ISRO's proposal for the Gaganyaan mission gains approval and funding from the Indian government.

Technology Development: Development of key technologies, including the crew module, environmental control and life support system (ECLSS), crew escape system, and training facilities for astronauts.

Collaborations: Establishing international collaborations for technology exchange, astronaut training, and mission support.

2. Uncrewed Missions:

Gaganyaan 1 (Uncrewed Mission): A test flight to validate the performance of the launch vehicle, spacecraft systems, orbital, and re-entry operations. This mission involves sending the spacecraft into orbit without a crew to ensure all systems function as intended.

Gaganyaan 2 (Uncrewed Mission): Another uncrewed mission to further demonstrate and validate the efficiency and reliability of the spacecraft systems, including the crew escape system, ECLSS, and spacecraft re-entry capabilities.

3. Crew Selection and Training:

Crew Selection: Selection of astronauts (Gagannauts) through a rigorous process involving medical examinations, psychological tests, and physical fitness assessments.

Training: Comprehensive training program for selected astronauts, including physical training, simulations, underwater drills to simulate microgravity, and mission-specific training. This training is often conducted in collaboration with international space agencies.

4. Manned Mission:

Gaganyaan 3 (Crewed Mission): The first crewed flight of the Gaganyaan mission. The launch vehicle, most likely the GSLV Mk III (also known as LVM3), will carry the crew module with the astronauts onboard into low Earth orbit.

Mission Operations: Overseeing the mission operations, including launch, orbit insertion, in-orbit activities, and interaction with mission control. The astronauts will conduct scientific experiments, technology demonstrations, and other operational tasks during their time in space.

Re-entry and Recovery: Safely returning the astronauts back to Earth, ensuring a controlled re-entry and recovery of the crew module. Post-mission health evaluations and debriefing of the astronauts.

5. Post-mission Analysis and Future Planning:

Data Analysis: Comprehensive analysis of data collected during the mission to identify any issues or areas for improvement.

Feedback and Improvements: Incorporating lessons learned from the mission into future missions and technology developments.

Future Missions: Planning and development of subsequent human spaceflight missions, potentially involving longer durations in space, more complex experiments, and collaboration with international space stations.

IMPORTANCE OF GAGANYAN MISSION

The Gaganyaan project will hopefully pave the way for other science missions like human space program, exploring solar system and beyond including future interplanetary mission / sample return with more advance technological capability.

A golden chance to motivate Youth: Aimed objectives of Gaganyaan will appeal students towards science and technology professions creating demanding jobs which would arouse innovation, ingenuity exclusively in space.

A strong foreign policy tool: It will enable diplomatic relationships with other spacefaring nations and domino effect in shared missions, knowledge transfer etc. elucidating a robust network of international partnerships

Scientific Breakthrough: High-quality scientific experiments under a microgravity environment which can lead to an array of groundbreaking discoveries in medicine, material science & biology.

Economic growth and employment generation: Gaganyaan mission may pave way towards economic development through downstreaming of space-related industries, technology spin-offs etc

CHALLENGES WITH GAGANYAAN MISSION

Reliance on Indigenous Technology: The gaganyan programme is heavily relying on indigenous technology which necessitates complexity of the new complex technology to be developed,

Space transportation Vehicle: The rockets has to be kept at minimal weight for reaching the space but taking Humans need heavy Rockets.

Therefore, it is difficult to develop custom launch vehicles for payloads heavier than communication satellites.

Complicated training and simulation: India has no presentation reviews equipment for manned missions as they are really easy capabilities .

So therefore India is dependent on other space agencies or nations (US and Russia) for this facilities.

Regenerative environment : It is not feasibly possible to carry all the weight of human sources (like food, water, oxygen, carbon- di -oxide and waste) up into space so an regenerative environment has had be developed.

Testing all support systems of the Gaganyaan in an earth like environment is next to impossible. Therefore it is a difficult task to create Earth atmosphere inside small crew module.

Crew safety: This is definitely the most sensitive part of Gaganyaan project. When living in zero gravity depression and exhaustion as always,

appears radiation exposure severe fatigue disrupted the cycle of sleep causes psychiatric disorders amongst crew.